Endoscopic-Histopathological Correlation in the Diagnosis of Gastritis

Abstract

Introduction. Gastritis is one of the most frequent conditions evaluated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and its adequate characterization requires integration of endoscopic and histopathological findings. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between endoscopic and histological diagnosis of gastritis, to identify the most frequent endoscopic findings, and to determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection and preneoplastic lesions in a digestive endoscopy unit.
Methods. A quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between July 2024 and July 2025 in Crespo, Entre Ríos, Argentina. Endoscopic findings and gastric biopsies were analyzed, with histopathological examination considered the diagnostic confirmation method for gastritis and for the presence of H. pylori, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric carcinoma.
The Chi-square test was used to evaluate diagnostic correlation.
Results. Of 181 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed, 102 met the inclusion criteria. The correlation between endoscopic and histopathological diagnoses was 93.3%, with a statistically significant association (χ²=13.48; p<0.001). H. pylori infection was identified in 28.4% of cases. Preneoplastic lesions showed low frequency: mild glandular atrophy in 2% and intestinal metaplasia in 6.8%. Three cases of gastric carcinoma were identified (2.9%).
Conclusions. A statistically significant association was observed between endoscopic and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of gastritis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection and preneoplastic lesions was lower than that reported in the literature.