Diabetes During Pregnancy: Evaluation of Adherence to an Education and Healthy Lifestyle Promotion-Based Health Program

Abstract

Introduction. Lifestyle interventions are a fundamental pillar in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus
(GDM). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of adherence of a group of pregnant women
with GDM to a health education program aimed at managing their condition.
Methods. This was a pilot, descriptive, mixed-methods, health intervention study that included five pregnant
women with GDM and twelve without GDM. Questionnaires on lifestyle habits and knowledge about GDM were administered, and a 6-week program was implemented with in-person workshops, hydration and healthy eating challenges, and online follow-up. Adherence, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction were assessed.
Results. Pregnant women with GDM were older (31.6±3.8 years vs. 27.8±6.0 years) and had a higher pre-pregnancy
BMI (60%, BMI>30 kg/m²) than those without diabetes. Sleep habits and screen time were better in pregnant
women without GDM (p<0.05). Knowledge about GDM was slightly higher in the GDM group, although gaps
remained regarding stress management and physical activity. Adherence to the program was variable: questionnaires and follow-up forms were completed, but in-person attendance and submission of blood glucose records were limited. Satisfaction with the program was high (9.75±0.5/10), and all participants would recommend the intervention. Healthcare professionals assessed the program positively, noting potential benefits, but also identified institutional and personal barriers to its implementation.
Conclusions. Adherence was partial, with better compliance observed in brief structured activities. Program perception and satisfaction were high, demonstrating the effectiveness of hybrid and educational interventions in improving lifestyle habits among pregnant women with GDM. Future strategies should consider institutional support, continuous follow-up, and flexibility to maximize participation.