Tuberculosis resistente a fármacos y factores asociados en Santa Fe (2021-2024)

Ulises Damián Zalazar Poelstra; Melina Elizabeth Herrera

doi:10.56487/03g1h084

Authors

Ulises Damián Zalazar Poelstra Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Argentina
Melina Elizabeth Herrera Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56487/03g1h084

Keywords:

Tuberculosis — Drug-resistant tuberculosis — Rifampicin resistance — Hospital — Argentina

Abstract

Introduction. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major clinical and public health challenge. This
study evaluated the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and DR-TB at a referral center in Santa Fe, Argentina, and examined their association with clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.
Methods. A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. Medical records of 118 patients aged 16 years or older with confirmed TB diagnosed between 2021 and 2024 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological variables were collected, and the association between DR-TB (rifampicin resistance detected by Xpert) and selected factors was analyzed using Pearson’s χ² test (α = 0.05) and Cramer’s V.
Results. Among 53,352 hospital admissions recorded between 2021 and 2024, the prevalence of TB was 0.22% (n=118). The prevalence of DR-TB was 10.9% (n=13). Most patients were male (73.7%) and incarcerated individuals
(47.1%). A significant association was found between DR-TB and a history of previous TB and TB relapse (p<0.001, V=0.48; and p=0.001, V=0.36, respectively). Incarceration was also significantly associated with DR-TB (p<0.001, V=0.32). No significant association was observed with the clinical form of TB or HIV infection.
Conclusions. DR-TB showed an intermediate prevalence at the referral center and was significantly associated
with previous TB, TB relapse, and incarceration. These findings support strengthening resistance screening and improving treatment adherence in correctional facilities and among patients with a history of TB.

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