Desempeño ambiental, huella de carbono y potencial de economía circular en una planta de alimentos balanceados en Entre Ríos, Argentina: un estudio de caso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56487/czhgs582Palabras clave:
Economía Circular - Alimentos Balanceados - Sostenibilidad Agroindustrial - Huella de Carbono - Agricultura Regenerativa - Análisis de Ciclo de VidaResumen
Este estudio evalúa integralmente el desempeño ambiental y el potencial de profundización de la economía circular en una planta de alimentos balanceados (1000 t/mes de producción) en Entre Ríos, Argentina. La metodología combinó análisis cuantitativos (flujos de materia/energía, huella de carbono parcial de alcances 1 y 2 y transporte de alcance 3) y cualitativos (análisis de ciclo de vida conceptual), utilizando datos primarios de la organización (escenario con 50 % de materias primas propias bajo agricultura regenerativa y 50 % externas) y fuentes secundarias.
Los resultados indican que la planta ya implementa prácticas sostenibles clave, como la agricultura regenerativa parcial y la recirculación total del polvo de proceso. La huella de carbono parcial se estimó en ~82,21 t CO₂e/mes (82,21 kg CO₂e/tonelada de producto); dentro de esta medición, el transporte total de alcance 3 (materias primas y producto terminado) representa el mayor contribuyente (53,9 %), seguido por el consumo de electricidad (alcance 2; 35,0 %). No obstante, se concluye que el mayor impacto potencial e incertidumbre residen en las emisiones de producción de materias primas externas no cuantificadas (riesgo de cambio de uso de suelo). Se identificaron oportunidades significativas en eficiencia energética, gestión de residuos, sostenibilidad de la cadena de suministro externa y, estratégicamente, en la reformulación con subproductos locales. Se confirma la viabilidad de profundizar la economía circular y la agricultura regenerativa, y se recomiendan un ACV completo y estudios de viabilidad para las mejoras.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Nancy Viviana Hoffmann
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